Article category: Research article

In modern education, flipped-blended learning has gained popularity around the globe. However, pedagogical inquiry of what we teach, where we teach, how and how much we blend in face to face (F2F) and online teaching is focused on the account of instructors (lecturer) designing new models of flipped-blended learning at undergraduate physiotherapy courses. This article describes a case report that illustrates why TBL and how hybrid TBL can be used to help undergraduate physiotherapy students (year 2) to understand and improve their ‘4Cs’ - Critical thinking, Communication, Collaboration, and Creativity in a cardio-respiratory disease management topic. This case report intends to answer one big question “Is H-TBL a way forward for 21st-century learning?”

Background: Healthcare digital transformation should focus on the use of innovative technologies to enhance quality, safety, efficiency of care services, and patient experience. Subsequently, the roles and skills of healthcare staff will change, requiring evaluation and elevation of digital literacy across the physiotherapy profession. Aim: To evaluate the confidence, motivation and competence of digital technologies in a cohort of UK physiotherapists (juxtaposed with a wider group of allied health professionals). Methods: A quantitative, cross-sectional online questionnaire of physiotherapists and other allied health professionals (AHPs) in the UK. Results: 282 responses from AHPs were received with 279 complete responses for further analysis (including 126 physiotherapists). Physiotherapists report moderate-high levels of confidence in the use of digital devices (7.6 ±1.77), and high levels of motivation in learning about digital technology (8.7 ±1.6). Physiotherapists self-rate their knowledge regarding the benefits of digital transformation as high (72%). Physiotherapists show a strong preference for daily communication via telephone (82%) and email (97%). Conclusion: Physiotherapists demonstrate moderate-high levels of confidence and motivation to use digital technologies (in line with those seen in other AHPs). Higher degrees of competence are reported regarding understanding the benefits of digital technology, and lower competence is reported regarding topic areas such as artificial intelligence and data analytics.

Background and purpose: It is necessary to bring the current understanding of pain to undergraduate, postgraduate, and academic faculty of physiotherapy in all the universities and independent institutions in India. Approximately 15,000 students graduate every year from various physiotherapy institutions in India. More than 20,000 physiotherapists teach or practice in various institutions, hospitals, and universities. The current pain curriculum for physiotherapy education is outdated and scanty. Physiotherapists are first-line managers of pain and it is important to understand the current advances in pain management to effect competent practice. Methods: An action research methodological concept (three phases) has been adapted to identify the missing areas of pain science from the physiotherapy curricula of universities of India (n=30). Instructional Digital Versatile Discs (DVD) was developed in these areas by experts through consensus methods. The reach of the study was evaluated through Google forms and email responses received from the participating institutions. Results: Pain lectures (22 hours) were recorded and four DVDs were commercially produced and duplicated. The DVDs were sent to all the universities and individual institutions (n=469) by post and recommended that they incorporate the information into the undergraduate and postgraduate curricula. The lecture series was also made available online via the institutional library depository system. Conclusion: This project has created a snowball effect by imparting current understanding and knowledge in young therapists and teaching faculty as the lectures are available on the website of the participating institution. Cultural and other characteristics are similar across the countries of South Asia (India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, Maldives, and Myanmar) and all of these countries use English as the medium of higher education. Hence a regional impact is also anticipated.

Background: Traditionally, the clinical education of physiotherapy students in Germany takes place in inpatient settings. Against the background that the majority of graduated physiotherapists work in private settings like private practices, this education structure is no longer viable. Therefore, there is a need to develop models of cooperation between private practice and schools of physiotherapy. Aim: The aim of this study is to describe advantages, barriers and options of collaboration between physiotherapy educational institutions and private practices. Methods: A qualitative interview study was conducted, in which two practice owners of a physiotherapy practice and two programme directors were interviewed using a problem-centred interview approach. All participants were contacted via email or telephone. Textual data was analysed using thematic analysis, to inductively discover and describe relevant themes. Results: The economic conditions of private practices in Germany, legal requirements and training regulations are identified as the main barriers preventing forms of collaboration. One of the advantages of offering students practical placements is their probable future employment. Successful collaboration may depend on remunerating clinical instruction time, relaxing legal requirements or increasing the participation of schools in practical training. Conclusion: Private practice needs financial and content-related support to engage in clinical education. Health insurance companies or the government could act as financial sponsors.

Background: Hong Kong is at the cross-road between Eastern and Western cultures. Increasing globalisation allows student to gather experiences from various educational contexts. While internationalisation has been promoted in higher education world-wide, the focus was often put on students from Chinese cultures integrating into Westernised education systems. Not much is known about how students from Chinese background with exposures to Western cultures, reintegrate into a Hong Kong university, characterised by a highly competitive system that potentially affects students’ well-being. Aim: To identify learning preferences by Hong Kong physiotherapy students who have been exposed to educational contexts in USA, Australia or Canada, and to explore their subjective experiences regarding different educational approaches during their studies. Methods: Ten students participated in this phenomenological study. Semi-structured interviews were conducted in English, transcribed ‘ad verbatim’ and analysed using qualitative content analysis. Findings: Three themes emerged from the data: (1) Interaction between students and teachers, (2) past experiences that help with future dreams, and (3) obstacles and opportunities in learning.
Conclusion: Physiotherapy students with globalised experience rely on their past educational exposure to give meaning to their future. They believe that a student-centred approach is crucial for learning. Their experiences shed light on consideration factors for optimally internationalising the physiotherapy curriculum.

Background: Communication is fundamental in collaborative physiotherapy practice. Students develop understandings of what constitutes ‘good’ communication through the formal, informal and hidden curricula. Understanding how students understand communication and how this is influenced by the curricula can help educators consider how best to enhance communication knowledge and skills. Aim: This study explored how physiotherapy students conceptualised clinical communication. Methods: This study was underpinned by a social constructionist epistemology. Data consisted of fifteen assignments, completed by students as part of their coursework. Assignments were analysed using the Listening Guide which prompted attention to how the different ways students understood communication and how these understandings were constructed. Results: Communication was understood as uni-dimensional. It was presented as an act done to the patient by the physiotherapist, with little attention to the patient’s communication and involvement in the interaction. Through communication, physiotherapists demonstrated and reinforced their expertise while simultaneously positioning the patient as the recipient of care and knowledge. Conclusion: Understandings of communication reflect broader constructions of physiotherapy and the role of the physiotherapist. These also reflect tensions in the curricula. Enhancing communication in student education requires all parties to understand, value and critically reflect on how communication is constructed and enacted.